Answers to the PhD minimum in philosophy of science 2010
Replenishment date: 23.09.2008
Content: 80923085820930.rar (133.79 KB)
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Description
Contains an archive of the synopsis of answers to the questions of the candidate's minimum in philosophy of science: 50 answers from the section "History and philosophy of science" and 20 answers from the section "Philosophical problems of socio-humanitarian sciences".
Thus, there are answers to the following:
QUESTIONS OF THE CANDIDATE EXAM ON THE COURSE "HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE"
1. The concept of science. Science as a cognitive activity, as a social institution, as a special sphere of culture.
2. Philosophy and science, their specificity, relationship and role in society.
3. Philosophy of science, its subject matter and main problems.
4. Transcendental-analytical (I. Kant) and synthetically generalizing (O. Kont) approaches to understanding science.
5. Expansion of the field of philosophical problems in the post-positivist philosophy of science (K. Popper, I. Lakatos, T. Kuhn, P. Feyerabend).
6. Science in the culture of modern civilization. The essence of scientific rationality.
7. Traditionalist and technogenic types of civilization, their basic values and place in their structure of science.
8. Features of scientific knowledge. Science and everyday knowledge. Science and art. Science and philosophy. The functions of science in the life of society.
9. Pre-science and science in the proper sense of the word. Generalization of practical experience and construction of theoretical models in the structure of obtaining scientific knowledge.
10. Science and philosophy of Antiquity. Formation of scientific and philosophical methodology. 11. Philosophy and science of the Middle Ages: faith and knowledge, reason and revelation; the problem of "enlightenment", its rational meaning.
12. Philosophy and science of the Middle Ages: the first universities, especially the scholastic method of teaching. Alchemy, astrology, magic and science.
13. Formation of an experimental science in the new European culture. The emergence of the experimental method and its connection with
14. Formation of a mechanical picture of the world, its ideological significance. The classic type of science.
15. Formation of science as a professional activity. The emergence of disciplinary science and its technological application.
16. Science and philosophy of the Enlightenment. The cult of reason, its strengths and weaknesses.
17.I. Kant: scientific knowledge as a creative, constructive activity of the subject. The positive meaning of apriorism and
18.G. Hegel: development of the dialectical method. Dialectical thinking in the structure of scientific activity.
19. Karl Marx: the ratio of objective and subjective dialectics and scientific activity. The negative consequences for science of the transformation of Marxism into an official ideology.
20.Russian cosmism: the concepts of N.F. Fedorov, K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky in the light of modern science. The concepts of "biosphere", "technosphere" and "noosphere".
21. Non-classical philosophy: rationalism and irrationalism and the formation of a non-classical type of science.
22. Neopositivism and post-positivism as a "philosophy of science": principles of verification and falsification of knowledge, analysis of the language of science, the unity of logic, mathematics and linguistics.
23. Postmodernism: rejection of universalism and totality for the sake of "otherness" and the problem of simulacra. Post-non-classical science concept.
24. Scientific knowledge as a complex developing system. Empirical and theoretical levels of science, criteria for their distinction.
25. The structure of empirical knowledge. Experiment and observation. The role of devices in systematic observation. Empirical dependencies and empirical facts. The problem of theoretical loading of a fact in science.
26. The structure of theoretical knowledge. Theoretical models and laws of science. Developed theory. The role of constructive methods in the deployment of scientific theories.
27. Foundations of science: ideals and norms in scientific knowledge, scientific picture of the world, its historical forms, its role in the development of research programs.
28. Philosophical foundations of science, etc.
Thus, there are answers to the following:
QUESTIONS OF THE CANDIDATE EXAM ON THE COURSE "HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE"
1. The concept of science. Science as a cognitive activity, as a social institution, as a special sphere of culture.
2. Philosophy and science, their specificity, relationship and role in society.
3. Philosophy of science, its subject matter and main problems.
4. Transcendental-analytical (I. Kant) and synthetically generalizing (O. Kont) approaches to understanding science.
5. Expansion of the field of philosophical problems in the post-positivist philosophy of science (K. Popper, I. Lakatos, T. Kuhn, P. Feyerabend).
6. Science in the culture of modern civilization. The essence of scientific rationality.
7. Traditionalist and technogenic types of civilization, their basic values and place in their structure of science.
8. Features of scientific knowledge. Science and everyday knowledge. Science and art. Science and philosophy. The functions of science in the life of society.
9. Pre-science and science in the proper sense of the word. Generalization of practical experience and construction of theoretical models in the structure of obtaining scientific knowledge.
10. Science and philosophy of Antiquity. Formation of scientific and philosophical methodology. 11. Philosophy and science of the Middle Ages: faith and knowledge, reason and revelation; the problem of "enlightenment", its rational meaning.
12. Philosophy and science of the Middle Ages: the first universities, especially the scholastic method of teaching. Alchemy, astrology, magic and science.
13. Formation of an experimental science in the new European culture. The emergence of the experimental method and its connection with
14. Formation of a mechanical picture of the world, its ideological significance. The classic type of science.
15. Formation of science as a professional activity. The emergence of disciplinary science and its technological application.
16. Science and philosophy of the Enlightenment. The cult of reason, its strengths and weaknesses.
17.I. Kant: scientific knowledge as a creative, constructive activity of the subject. The positive meaning of apriorism and
18.G. Hegel: development of the dialectical method. Dialectical thinking in the structure of scientific activity.
19. Karl Marx: the ratio of objective and subjective dialectics and scientific activity. The negative consequences for science of the transformation of Marxism into an official ideology.
20.Russian cosmism: the concepts of N.F. Fedorov, K.E. Tsiolkovsky and V.I. Vernadsky in the light of modern science. The concepts of "biosphere", "technosphere" and "noosphere".
21. Non-classical philosophy: rationalism and irrationalism and the formation of a non-classical type of science.
22. Neopositivism and post-positivism as a "philosophy of science": principles of verification and falsification of knowledge, analysis of the language of science, the unity of logic, mathematics and linguistics.
23. Postmodernism: rejection of universalism and totality for the sake of "otherness" and the problem of simulacra. Post-non-classical science concept.
24. Scientific knowledge as a complex developing system. Empirical and theoretical levels of science, criteria for their distinction.
25. The structure of empirical knowledge. Experiment and observation. The role of devices in systematic observation. Empirical dependencies and empirical facts. The problem of theoretical loading of a fact in science.
26. The structure of theoretical knowledge. Theoretical models and laws of science. Developed theory. The role of constructive methods in the deployment of scientific theories.
27. Foundations of science: ideals and norms in scientific knowledge, scientific picture of the world, its historical forms, its role in the development of research programs.
28. Philosophical foundations of science, etc.
Additional Information
All exams were passed on these materials with excellent marks. I guarantee the quality of the answers.