History and methodology of science
Replenishment date: 07.06.2023
Content: History and methodology of science.docx (69.52 KB)
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Description
The falsification method for separating scientific knowledge from non-scientific proposed to use ...
Arrange the directions of the philosophy of science in the order of their occurrence:
empiriocriticism
Set the correspondence of ideological positions in relation to their understanding of the significance of science (scientism or anti-scientism):
A collection, a set of specialists in a certain field of knowledge who have received a similar education, formed the same type of professional skills, mastered the same educational literature and are responsible for the implementation of certain goals, is called in the concept of T. Kuhn ...
E. Rutherford said that "All sciences are divided into physics and stamp collecting." What is the name of such an ideological position?
During the XVII-XVIII centuries. the ideals and norms of scientific research expressed the attitudes ... understanding of nature
Starting from the seventeenth century. the ideal of classical natural science is the construction of an absolutely true picture of nature, revealing ... the causes of phenomena
Set the correspondence between the periods of development of science and the time to which they belonged:
The priest, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer P. Gassendi wrote: “It is in our power not so much to protect ourselves from mistakes as not to persist in error”, meaning ... the function of science
R. Bellman wrote: "Scientific life will never be so cloudless and calm as in the days when determinism reigned supreme." State what the author of the statement meant.
Establish a correspondence between the various branches of scientific knowledge and the time of their occurrence:
The scientific picture of the world is...
Recognized by the scientific community at a certain historical stage in the development of science, its fundamental theories, laws, methodological principles are called ...
Establish the sequence of occurrence of epistemological installations:
The cognitive process that determines the quantitative ratio of the measured value to another, which serves as a standard, is denoted by the concept of "..."
Arrange in chronological order the main milestones in the development of science:
The fundamental principles of building a modern scientific picture of the world include ...
Set the correspondence between the main stages of the development of science and the periods of development of these stages:
The stage of human technical activity associated with the image in drawings and calculations (and other iconic means - layouts, drawings) of the appearance, structure and functioning of the future product (house, ship, cars), is denoted by the concept of "..."
Among the new directions of the modern stage of the scientific and technological revolution are ...
Among the main levels of scientific research can be identified ...
Presented with the help of hypothetical assumptions, the theoretical model of the essential connections of reality is ... an object
Among the methods of the empirical level of scientific research are ...
The laws that explain empirical phenomena by introducing assumptions about the causes of such phenomena that are not observed in experience are denoted by the concept of "..."
It is not true that theoretical knowledge includes such forms of knowledge as ...
The primary elementary cognitive process at the empirical level of cognition is ...
The highest level of rational cognition, which is characterized by the creative operation of abstractions and the conscious study of their own nature, is ...
Having studied the following excerpt from the book "Russian Nights" by the writer V.F. Odoevsky, we can conclude that the Russian writer is ironic about which direction in the theory of knowledge, how ... “The doctor treated the tailor for a fever; the patient, near death, asks for a last meal of ham; the doctor, seeing that it is already impossible to save the patient, agrees to his desire; the patient ate ham - and recovered. The physician carefully entered the following experimental observation into his notebook: "ham is a successful remedy for fever." After some time, the same physician happened to treat the shoemaker also for a fever; based on experience, the doctor prescribed ham to the patient - the patient died; doctor, on the basis of the rule to write down the fact as it is, without mixing in any philosophies, added the following note to the previous mark: “a remedy useful only for
Arrange the directions of the philosophy of science in the order of their occurrence:
empiriocriticism
Set the correspondence of ideological positions in relation to their understanding of the significance of science (scientism or anti-scientism):
A collection, a set of specialists in a certain field of knowledge who have received a similar education, formed the same type of professional skills, mastered the same educational literature and are responsible for the implementation of certain goals, is called in the concept of T. Kuhn ...
E. Rutherford said that "All sciences are divided into physics and stamp collecting." What is the name of such an ideological position?
During the XVII-XVIII centuries. the ideals and norms of scientific research expressed the attitudes ... understanding of nature
Starting from the seventeenth century. the ideal of classical natural science is the construction of an absolutely true picture of nature, revealing ... the causes of phenomena
Set the correspondence between the periods of development of science and the time to which they belonged:
The priest, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer P. Gassendi wrote: “It is in our power not so much to protect ourselves from mistakes as not to persist in error”, meaning ... the function of science
R. Bellman wrote: "Scientific life will never be so cloudless and calm as in the days when determinism reigned supreme." State what the author of the statement meant.
Establish a correspondence between the various branches of scientific knowledge and the time of their occurrence:
The scientific picture of the world is...
Recognized by the scientific community at a certain historical stage in the development of science, its fundamental theories, laws, methodological principles are called ...
Establish the sequence of occurrence of epistemological installations:
The cognitive process that determines the quantitative ratio of the measured value to another, which serves as a standard, is denoted by the concept of "..."
Arrange in chronological order the main milestones in the development of science:
The fundamental principles of building a modern scientific picture of the world include ...
Set the correspondence between the main stages of the development of science and the periods of development of these stages:
The stage of human technical activity associated with the image in drawings and calculations (and other iconic means - layouts, drawings) of the appearance, structure and functioning of the future product (house, ship, cars), is denoted by the concept of "..."
Among the new directions of the modern stage of the scientific and technological revolution are ...
Among the main levels of scientific research can be identified ...
Presented with the help of hypothetical assumptions, the theoretical model of the essential connections of reality is ... an object
Among the methods of the empirical level of scientific research are ...
The laws that explain empirical phenomena by introducing assumptions about the causes of such phenomena that are not observed in experience are denoted by the concept of "..."
It is not true that theoretical knowledge includes such forms of knowledge as ...
The primary elementary cognitive process at the empirical level of cognition is ...
The highest level of rational cognition, which is characterized by the creative operation of abstractions and the conscious study of their own nature, is ...
Having studied the following excerpt from the book "Russian Nights" by the writer V.F. Odoevsky, we can conclude that the Russian writer is ironic about which direction in the theory of knowledge, how ... “The doctor treated the tailor for a fever; the patient, near death, asks for a last meal of ham; the doctor, seeing that it is already impossible to save the patient, agrees to his desire; the patient ate ham - and recovered. The physician carefully entered the following experimental observation into his notebook: "ham is a successful remedy for fever." After some time, the same physician happened to treat the shoemaker also for a fever; based on experience, the doctor prescribed ham to the patient - the patient died; doctor, on the basis of the rule to write down the fact as it is, without mixing in any philosophies, added the following note to the previous mark: “a remedy useful only for
Additional Information
The set of complex theoretical and practical problems to be solved is denoted by the concept of "..."Establish a correspondence between the direction of the philosophy of science and its problems:
We can identify such basic existential problems as ...
The question that arises in the case of a discrepancy between theory and empiricism is denoted by the concept of "..."
A group of concepts and teachings of an ideological-hypothetical, theoretical and pseudo-theoretical nature, striving for the application of scientific methodology to subjects of a non-scientific and non-scientific nature, is denoted by the concept of “…”
The process of thinking an individual over his own feelings and thoughts is denoted by the concept of "..."
A problem that is unsolvable within a certain paradigm is denoted by the concept of “…”
The prerequisites for the crisis of classical philosophizing include ...
Methodology is...
Observation and experiment are the main methods of ... research
The methodological principle based on the reduction of complex forms of movement to simple ones is ...
Set the correspondence of scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis) and their characteristics:
The method according to which the basis of knowledge and action of people is the mind is ...
Empirical methods of cognition include ...
Organic chemist N.D. Zelinsky said: "Master the whole breadth of human knowledge, not locking yourself in one narrow specialty - that's the first thing I want to advise you ...". What problem of scientific knowledge is reflected in this statement?
The German psychologist W. Dilthey put forward for a number of ... sciences a method of understanding
Set the correspondence between the features of the understanding of truth in classical and postclassical philosophy:
Establish the correspondence of the criterion of truth to one or another philosophical direction:
Proof in a broad sense is understood as any procedure for establishing the truth of a proposition with the help of ... reasoning
The criterion of truth, according to Marxism, is...
The philosophical position of the author of the statement below is ... “I see this cherry, I touch it, I taste it ... therefore, it is real ... Eliminate the feeling of softness, moisture, beauty, astringency, and you will destroy the cherry. Since it is not a being different from sensations, then the cherry, I affirm, is nothing but a combination of sensory impressions ... "
One of the main differences between a hypothesis and a theory is that...
“There is as much truth in every knowledge as there are mathematicians,” he believed ...
The research method, characterized by the selection and study of individual parts of the objects of study, is denoted by the concept ...
The scientific picture of the world is...
A set of researchers with similar scientific training, who are united in understanding the goals of science and its relationship to the social environment, is designated by the concept ...
New scientific truths win as a result of the fact that their opponents are gradually dying out, as he believed ...
In the era of Antiquity, the sphere of artificial, skills, skills was designated by the term "..."
The method of interpretation, which is based on the comprehension of meaning, is ...
The concept of the development of science as a competition of research programs was formulated by ...
The author of the most famous concept of the ethos of science is ...
Direct comprehension of the truth without a logical justification, based on previous experience, is called the concept of "..."
The section of the theory of knowledge, which studies the problems of the nature of cognition, the relationship of knowledge to reality, explores the general prerequisites of the cognitive process, identifies the conditions for its truth, is ...
Recognized by the scientific community at a certain historical stage in the development of science, its fundamental theories, laws, methodological principles are called ...
Establish the sequence of occurrence of epistemological installations:
The cognitive process that determines the quantitative ratio of the measured value to another, which serves as a standard, is denoted by the concept of "..."
The totality of scientific theories that study various properties of sign systems is denoted by the word ...
The starting position of any theory, accepted within the framework of this theory as true without the requirement of proof and used in proving its others according to