Lectures on philosophy in the form of questions and answers
Replenishment date: 07.01.2009
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Question 1. Cosmocentrism and the basic concepts of ancient philosophy (Cosmos, Nature, Logos, Eidos, Soul) 1
Question 3. Life and philosophizing Cokpama 1
Question 4. Plato's doctrine of being (the problem of the status of ideas-eidos) soul and cognition. 3
Question 5. The doctrine of Aristotle about causes, matter and form. 4
Question 6. Hellenistic philosophy (general characteristics, main schools and problems). 4
Question 7. God, man and the world in medieval Christian philosophy. 5
Question 8. Anthropocentrism and humanism in the philosophical thought of the Renaissance. 6
Question 9. Rationalist metaphysics of the 17th century (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz) 7
Question 10. The evolution of English empiricism 9
Question 11. Social philosophy of the French Enlightenment. ten
Question 12. Kant's critical philosophy (tasks, basic problems and concepts). 12
Question 13. Kant's ethical theory. 15
Question 14. The system and method of Hegel's philosophy 16
Question 16 The essence of the materialistic understanding of the history of Karl Marx. Socio-economic formations 20
Question 17. Positivism of the 19th century. (general characteristics and evolution). Positivism and Science. 22
Question 18. Voluntarism A. Schopenhauer (1788-1860) "The world, as will and ideas" 23
Question 19. The program "reassessment of all values and immoralism of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). 24
Question 20. Psychoanalysis and philosophy of neo-Freudianism. 27
Question 21. E. Husserl and the main ideas of phenomenological philosophy 29
Question 22. Existential philosophy (basic provisions, problems, concepts) 30
Question 23. Modern philosophical hermeneutics. G. - G. Gadamer 32
Question 24. P.Ya. Chaadaev on Russian history and historiosophy. 35
Question 25. Development of the ideology of Slavophilism (A.S. Khomyakov, I.V. Kireevsky, K.S.Aksakov) 36
Question 26. A.I. Herzen (1812 - 1870) as a philosopher 38
Question 27. F.M. Dostoevsky on the freedom and responsibility of man 39
Question 28. Religious philosophy of BC Solovyov (general characteristics and basic concepts) 41
Question 29. Russian "philosophy of total unity" of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Knowledge and Faith 43
Question 30. The existential-religious philosophy of N.А. Berdyaeva. Freedom and creativity. 44
Question 31 Ontology, epistemology, axiology, as the main sections of philosophy 46
Question 32. Categories as the highest kinds of being and stages of knowledge. 47
Question 33. The problem of the unity of the world and ways to solve it. 48
Question 34. Space and time. Substantial and relational concept of space and time. 49
Question 35. The main forms of movement. Evolution and revolution. Progress and regression. 52
Question 36. The principle of determinism. Categories, causes and effects. Reason and purpose. 54
Question 37. The concept of an ecosystem. Global ecological problems of modern civilization. 56
Question 38. The origin of man. The main factors of anthroposociogenesis. 56
Question 39. Man and his place in the world. The problem of life and death in the spiritual experience of mankind. 57
Question 40. Psyche, thinking, consciousness. Sensual (sensation, perception, representation) and intellectual (concept, judgment, inference) components of consciousness. 61
Question 41. The unconscious as a mental phenomenon. The structure of the unconscious 61
Question 42. The nature of the cognitive relationship. Subject and object of cognition. 63
Question 44. Truth as the goal of knowledge. The classic definition of truth and the path of its historical development. 64
Question 45. Social philosophy and theoretical sociology. 66
Question 46. Individual, personality, individuality. Individual freedom and responsibility. 66
Question 47. Public relations. 70
Question 48. Evolution of means of communication: oral, written, printed and machine-computer form of the word and social information. 71
Question 49. The concept of noosphere 73
Question 50. Social institution, its structure and functions. 74
Question 51. Socio-economic classes and the structure of society. 74
Question 3. Life and philosophizing Cokpama 1
Question 4. Plato's doctrine of being (the problem of the status of ideas-eidos) soul and cognition. 3
Question 5. The doctrine of Aristotle about causes, matter and form. 4
Question 6. Hellenistic philosophy (general characteristics, main schools and problems). 4
Question 7. God, man and the world in medieval Christian philosophy. 5
Question 8. Anthropocentrism and humanism in the philosophical thought of the Renaissance. 6
Question 9. Rationalist metaphysics of the 17th century (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz) 7
Question 10. The evolution of English empiricism 9
Question 11. Social philosophy of the French Enlightenment. ten
Question 12. Kant's critical philosophy (tasks, basic problems and concepts). 12
Question 13. Kant's ethical theory. 15
Question 14. The system and method of Hegel's philosophy 16
Question 16 The essence of the materialistic understanding of the history of Karl Marx. Socio-economic formations 20
Question 17. Positivism of the 19th century. (general characteristics and evolution). Positivism and Science. 22
Question 18. Voluntarism A. Schopenhauer (1788-1860) "The world, as will and ideas" 23
Question 19. The program "reassessment of all values and immoralism of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). 24
Question 20. Psychoanalysis and philosophy of neo-Freudianism. 27
Question 21. E. Husserl and the main ideas of phenomenological philosophy 29
Question 22. Existential philosophy (basic provisions, problems, concepts) 30
Question 23. Modern philosophical hermeneutics. G. - G. Gadamer 32
Question 24. P.Ya. Chaadaev on Russian history and historiosophy. 35
Question 25. Development of the ideology of Slavophilism (A.S. Khomyakov, I.V. Kireevsky, K.S.Aksakov) 36
Question 26. A.I. Herzen (1812 - 1870) as a philosopher 38
Question 27. F.M. Dostoevsky on the freedom and responsibility of man 39
Question 28. Religious philosophy of BC Solovyov (general characteristics and basic concepts) 41
Question 29. Russian "philosophy of total unity" of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Knowledge and Faith 43
Question 30. The existential-religious philosophy of N.А. Berdyaeva. Freedom and creativity. 44
Question 31 Ontology, epistemology, axiology, as the main sections of philosophy 46
Question 32. Categories as the highest kinds of being and stages of knowledge. 47
Question 33. The problem of the unity of the world and ways to solve it. 48
Question 34. Space and time. Substantial and relational concept of space and time. 49
Question 35. The main forms of movement. Evolution and revolution. Progress and regression. 52
Question 36. The principle of determinism. Categories, causes and effects. Reason and purpose. 54
Question 37. The concept of an ecosystem. Global ecological problems of modern civilization. 56
Question 38. The origin of man. The main factors of anthroposociogenesis. 56
Question 39. Man and his place in the world. The problem of life and death in the spiritual experience of mankind. 57
Question 40. Psyche, thinking, consciousness. Sensual (sensation, perception, representation) and intellectual (concept, judgment, inference) components of consciousness. 61
Question 41. The unconscious as a mental phenomenon. The structure of the unconscious 61
Question 42. The nature of the cognitive relationship. Subject and object of cognition. 63
Question 44. Truth as the goal of knowledge. The classic definition of truth and the path of its historical development. 64
Question 45. Social philosophy and theoretical sociology. 66
Question 46. Individual, personality, individuality. Individual freedom and responsibility. 66
Question 47. Public relations. 70
Question 48. Evolution of means of communication: oral, written, printed and machine-computer form of the word and social information. 71
Question 49. The concept of noosphere 73
Question 50. Social institution, its structure and functions. 74
Question 51. Socio-economic classes and the structure of society. 74
Additional Information
Question 52. Ethnicity and the environment. 75Question 53. Naturalistic ideas in social philosophy, geopolitical doctrines. 76
Question 54. Historiosophy of the 20th century. Basic approaches. 76
Question 55. The role of scientific rationality in the development of society. 77
Question 56. Russia, East, West: dialogue of cultures in the modern world. 78
Question 57 (shitty). Human problems in modern culture. 79
Question 59. Means and methods of empirical knowledge. 79
Question 60. Means and methods of theoretical knowledge. 79
Question 61. Science in the system of culture. 80
Question 62. Modern concepts and models of the development of science and scientific knowledge (neopositivism, Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend, Holton). 80
Question 64. Concepts and types of explanation and understanding. The ratio of understanding and explanatory approaches in various sciences. 83
Question 65. The unity of knowledge and the problem of criteria for choosing theories. 84
Question 66. The variety of value orientations of science as a social institution. 84
Question 67. Scientism and anti-scientism. 85
Question 68. Classical and non-classical science. features of the style of thinking in science of the 20th century. 86