Economic theory control MPEI

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Test
in the discipline "Economic theory"

Question 1. Do people take into account the principle of opportunity cost in everyday life? Give your own examples.

Question 2. The demand function for a certain product is as follows: Qd = 100 - P, supply function: Qs = 2P - 50. Find the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity. The government decided to lower the price to 45 rubles in an effort to stimulate consumption. Where will this lead (deficit or surplus)? Determine the quantities of supply and demand, sales and revenue.

Question 3. Why, in a single country in the modern world, corporations (joint-stock companies) account for approximately 20% of the total number of firms and approximately 90% of the total output?

Question 4. From the agreement between the two commercial firms, it follows that the parties consider the equivalent amount of 10 thousand dollars today and 24 thousand 414 dollars in four years. Is it possible to judge from these data what percentage of the foreign currency deposit will be provided by banks over the next four years?

Question 5. The table provides data on the total benefits (million rubles) and the total costs of four environmental activities for the Non-Black Earth Region.

Programs
Total costs
General benefits

a) Strengthening fisheries surveillance 20 30
b) Protection of small rivers 30 50
c) Creation of reserves 80 77
d) Creation of national parks 72 84
Which of these programs should be implemented from an economic point of view?

Question 6. Answer, is the following statement true or false?
For example: In modern conditions, the main indicator of the system of national accounts is the gross domestic product. — Yes.
1. Gross National Product is the sum of the value of all goods and services produced in the economy during the year.
2. Gross national product is the aggregate market value of all final goods and services produced in the country during the year.
3. To avoid double counting, GNP includes only the cost of intermediate products.
4. All oil and gas produced in Russia is an intermediate product.
5. All transport services are included in the final product produced in the given country.
6. Value added is the firm's revenue minus all costs.
7. Value added includes wages, but does not take into account the amount of profit.
8. The total value added is always equal to the value of the final product.
9. If the value of final goods and services is subtracted from the value of all the aggregate product produced in the country, then the result obtained is the value of intermediate goods.
10. Government social security payments increase GNP.
11. Resale does not increase GNP.
12. Interest earned by the bondholder of the corporation is included in GNP.
13. Interest earned by the holder of government bonds is included in GNP.
14. Income earned by Italian workers in Germany is not included in Italy's GDP.
15. The increase in the size of state pensions and benefits leads to an increase in GNP.
16. It is customary to refer to the "shadow" economy only the production of legally prohibited goods and services.
17. Commissions of a realtor from the sale of a house increase GNP.
18. The increase in the capital stock is a part of a country's GNP.

Question 7. Which of the events shift: a) the aggregate demand curve to the right; b) the aggregate demand curve to the left; c) the aggregate supply curve to the right; d) the aggregate supply curve to the left?
For example:
a) Events that shift the demand curve to the right: 1,4 and. etc.
1. An increase in the supply of money. 2. Decrease in labor productivity. 3. Growth of income tax. 4. The emergence of new technology. 5. Growth in the size of unemployment benefits. 6. Decrease in the speed of circulation of money. 7. Strengthening the role of trade unions in the labor market. 8. Increase in stocks of firms. 9. Increase in individual taxes. 10. Decrease in interest rates. 11. The expected increase in the rate of return. 12. Increase in the size of pensions. 13. Growth in the level of capital